Erik Eriksons Personality Theory - 2014 Words

I. Erik Eriksons Personality Theory of Life-Span Identity and Identity Crises I chose Erik Eriksons Personality Theory of Life-Span Identity and Identity Crises to explain my personality development because I believe that a person never stops changing in all aspects, until death, and according to Erikson, it takes a life-span to develop an identity as well as personality. People pass eight stages during the course of their lives, in which segments or certain aspects of ones personality are formed, revised or discarded. The first stage of Eriksons Personality Theory of Life-Span Identity and Identity Crises is named Trust vs Mistrust. In this stage, infants are in constant need of â€Å"nursing, peaceful warmth, and comfortable excretion†,†¦show more content†¦After successful completion of this fifth stage, teenagers have evolved into a young adult with a unique and distinct personality/identity, while an unsuccessful completion of this stage can often times lead to a n identity crises (Friedman Schustack). During the sixth stage of personality development, Intimacy vs Isolation, young adults ideally develop more serious relationships with their peers and a possible partner (Friedman Schustack). Ones priorly formed identity is strengthened, or, if the fifth stage was completed unsatisfactorily, a sense of loneliness and isolation is formed. This might occur due the fact that a person with no formed identity has a harder time bonding with others and creating a sense of intimacy. If meaningful relationships cant be established and maintained during this stage of life, adults may become more likely to feel/be lonely and isolated in the future (Friedman Schustack). Erik Eriksons seventh stage of personality development concerns itself with Generativity vs Stagnation. During a persons middle adulthood, it becomes more important than ever to give back as a result of feeling accomplished in life (Friedman Schustack). People who have achieved certain goals they set for themselves and feel satisfied with their lives, are likely to give back to others and their community at this stage in life. Raising children, volunteering orShow MoreRelatedReview of Evidence for Erik Eriksons Identity Theory of Personality2041 Words   |  9 PagesReview of Evidence for Erik Eriksons Identity Theory of Personality Sarah Gruning Wichita State University Review of Evidence for Erik Eriksons Identity Theory of Personality The personality theory that I have chosen to focus on will be Identity Theory. It was developed by Erik Erikson in the nineteen hundreds. Erik Erikson believed that every individual goes through a certain number of stages to reach his or her full development or potential (Erikson, 1994). He theorized that a humanRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1359 Words   |  6 Pages Erik Erikson â€Å"There is in every child at every stage a new miracle of vigorous unfolding.† And no matter who you are and what you do, I believe that everyone will go through stages in their life. Erik Erikson was a famous psychologist in the twentieth – century, where he developed â€Å"Psychosocial stages†. Erikson’s theories centered on issues that were met on specific ages in someone’s life. Love, care, and tender is critical and many parents do not realize how much nurturing and caring for a childRead MoreIndustry Vs Inferiority Or Albert Bandura Social Learning Theory And Self-Adolency1444 Words   |  6 Pagesyou think is more complete in describing what it takes for the grade school child to develop mastery and competence, Erik Erikson Industry versus inferiority or Albert Bandura social learning theory and self-efficacy. Industry vs inferiority is stage four of Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. Industry versus inferiority is the fourth stage of Erik Eriksons theory of psychosocial development. If the child cannot develop the specific skill they feel society is demanding (e.g., beingRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory On Child Development1388 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory on Child Development Erik Erikson, a well known developmental theorist, developed his theory about stages of human development from birth to death by using Freud s work as a starting point. According to Erikson, personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson found out that children experience conflicts which affect their development. He described the internal conflict which children go through in developmental stages using the term ‘crisis’ and are based onRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychology760 Words   |  4 PagesErik Erikson was a well-known 20th century psychologist who made various contributions to the field of psychology. He was born on June 15, 1902 in Frankfurt, Germany. His unnamed Danish biological father abandoned Erik’s mother before he was born. Erik was raised by his mother, Karla Abrahamsen, for the first three years and she married Dr. Theodor Homberger in 1905. His mother and stepfather raised him and Erik took his stepfather’s name, Erik Abraham sen. Erik had blond hair, blue eyes, and NordicRead MoreApplication Of The Personality Theories Developed By Erik Erikson And Raymond Cattell1724 Words   |  7 PagesApplication of the Personality Theories Developed by Erik Erikson and Raymond Cattell â€Å"Personality is made up of the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. It arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life† (Cherry, 2014). My personality is influenced from my specific circumstances, my upbringing, and it is represented best through the theorists of Erik Erikson and Raymond Cattell. In specific circumstances my behaviorRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Mcadams 1154 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough the life stories of different psychologists , he provide a real recollection of life stories and narrative approaches that recent researcher and theories have apply to understand human behavior. This article integrates recent theories and researchers of life stories as illustrated the investigation of self-understanding, personal memory, personality structure and change, and the relations between the personal lives and cultural. The article provides a numerous of psychologist stories and theRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory Of Development1582 Words   |  7 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development Erik Erikson, a German psychologist of the early 1900s, is most known for his theory on psychosocial development in humans. He was heavily influenced by his work with Anna Freud and her father, Sigmund Freud. However, in his research, he put emphasis on the cultural and social impact on identity development and studying the ego, which he believed developed with successful crisis resolving throughout life (â€Å"Erikson’s Stages†, 2007). He proposed theRead MoreDifference Between Freud vs. Erikson Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesErikson In this essay, I am going to compare and contrast two famous theorists Erik Erikson and Sigmund Freud. I will be talking about each of these theorists and their famous theories of psychosocial and psychosexual, since they both are well known development theories. I will provide enough information about both and explain the differences of each, as well. First off, Freud had inspired Erickson who had theories that were in a number of ways different than Freud’s. Freud and Erickson have similaritiesRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory1518 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT This research paper will show a thorough review of Erik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory, specifically the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Psychosocial Development, according to Erik Erikson, is a continuity of crisis throughout our lifespan; these challenges will shape our personality and the way we perceive our surroundings. In addition to this, the different stages mentioned in this Theory complement each other and help us to develop the tools to achieve a sense of

Human Origins The Cusp Of Evolution Essay - 731 Words

Summer Musser Human Origins F15 The Cusp of Evolution The past works in mysterious way allowing small pieces to leak through to the surface that will one day reveal the answers to the most prominent questions. Ian Tattersall made the claim that in 2012 â€Å"†¦there is nothing in the fossil record that we can regard as a convincing intermediate between any australopith or â€Å"early Homo† and the Turkana Boy (Tattersall, 2012, p.94).† In his argument it was difficult to find the missing link that pulled the last species in the Australopith genus, A. Sediba, and the first Homo Species, H. Habilis. The gap was too much of a gray area to even make a definitive speculation according to the fossil records where there is nothing. When Homo Habilis was discover, there were very few specimens to analyze and produce a conclusion is this was the cusp of evolution that many scientists were pondering. They were still searching for more, and this search brought them to the Cradle of Humanity where many specimens have been found a long with what is perceived as the last Australopithecus, A. Sediba. This species was found by Lee Burger in the eroded cave system known as Malapa. The features of Sediba were still pretty primitive with having a small brain, longer limbs, and a slightly protruding face. Once they started to die off or some scientist believe began to interbred, came the Early Homo. Homo Habilis and Homo Erectus (H. Ergaster) were the evolutionary species that graced the plains of AfricaShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution Of Australopithecus990 Words   |  4 Pagessavanna-like environment where the climate conditions are typically hot and dry seasonally. The landscape is characterized by an open tree canopy with tall grass that dominates the land. These climates effects have stimulated important developments in human origin. Afterwards, I was able to follow a set of footprints that portrayed how their big toe was aligned in such a way that it allows them to be mobile as ground dwellers. From the distance, I was able to observe a group of australopithecines that wereRead MoreThe Evolution Of Human Species Essay2275 Words   |  10 Pagesgreat progress in discovering all of the different kinds of human species. The discovery of a certain early human species, Australopithecus afarensis was initially credited to the finding of a single individual, AL 288-1, or â€Å"Lucy.† She has helped anthropologists to understand the diet, anatomy, environment, sexual dimorphism, the technology or tools used during their time, and bipedalism of this early hominin species. The evolution of humans is interesting due to the questions we are trying to findRead MoreEvolution of Sharks2093 Words   |  9 PagesInsert Name: Instructor’s Name: Course: Date: 08/July/2010 Sharks have been in existence for more than 300 million years. Their evolution occurred over 150 million years earlier than that of the dinosaurs. Most of the existing fossil data of early sharks was collected from fossilized teeth together with several skin impressions. primitive sharks (Cladodonts) , had teeth which were double-pointed, up to 2metres in length, ate fish as well as crustaceans, and existed approximatelyRead More Biblical Creationism versus Scientific Origin Essay example8399 Words   |  34 PagesCommonly, religious discussion turns to the subject of origins. There are two reasons for this: firstly, there are those with a literal or semi-literal interpretation of the Bible (or other relevant holy book) who remain convinced that the world was created in the recent past looking more or less as it does today. Obviously, this issue must be resolved before the existence or nature of the deity can even begin to be discussed! Secondly, even those with the more comm on, nonliteral interpretation ofRead MoreArchaeology Notes19985 Words   |  80 PagesKENNEDY GITU, L.K. NGARI, W.S. NDIIRI | 1/4/2012 | | Table of Contents Definition of Terms 3 Fossils in Geological Context 5 The Earth in the Cenozoic 11 Origins of Primates 17 The Basis for Human Evolution 23 Origins of the Genus Homo 28 Origins of Modern Humans†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 32 Behavior and Evolution of Early Hominines†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦39 African Pre- Historic Art†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.49 Definition of Terms AngularRead MoreThe Design And Production Of Artifacts5691 Words   |  23 Pagesdesign. Thus the role of digital design research as the enabling environment of the transformation to a new age of material-based design in various design disciplines has become the cutting edge of computational design research. Here we are at the cusp of the emergence of a new field of research at the interaction of Materials Science Engineering and Design Computation: Material-based Design Computation. Accompanying the rise of what might be termed a new materiality as a phenomenon of the interactionsRead MoreSarasvathy, Causation and Effectuation-Toward a Theoretical Shift from Economic Inevitability to14504 Words   |  59 Pagesequal to the marginal cost; a more adaptive approach might involve doing market research to discover the shape of the demand function and to arrive at a price that the market will bear. In another example, classes with a more psychological bent (e.g., human resources management, organization behavior, leadership) might be discussing personnel decisions, such as hiring the best person for the job or managing and/or leading a team. Approaches might range from psychometric measurements to avoiding well-understoodRead Morevolunteer tourism Essay9739 Words   |  39 Pagesvolunteer tourism industry was also demonstrated by Callanan and Thomas (2005), who identified 698individual volunteer tourism products on a single volunteer tourism website database (Go Abr oad.com). Volunteer tourism participants come from diverse origins (Vrasti, 2013) and are expanding geographically as well. Such growth both in the industry and the resulting research is certainly worthy of a closer look. This review will update the state of the literature in a format that expands upon the topicsRead MoreStrategic Analysis of Bank Industry10438 Words   |  42 Pages...................................................... 36 Financials...................................................................................................................... 37 Introduction The Indian Banking Industry is at the cusp of an interesting revolution. Rather many would say it has already begun the roller-coaster ride that will decide the path that the Indian economy will chart in the years to come. The most interesting facet of this revolution is the positioning ofRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesother creatures (pp 40-41). He then gives the familiar correspondences between the parts of the human body and those of the macrocosm. Though at first there are only reminiscences of the lhwà ¢n al-Safà ¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, we soon find whole pages together which are identical with that work, and, in part, with the work edited by Goldziher as The Book of the Essence of the Soul (Kità ¢b ma`à ¢nà ® al-nafs) (pp.42-46). The human being as he is actually found on earth is shown to depend from his idea, the universal man, and

Representation Of Events Free Essays

This image also appeared on other newspaper front covers during the event such as the daily express the sun and the indented. The image of the youth also includes what seems to be a burnt out facial in the background there for making it seem as if this person was to blame for this maroons attack. Other newspapers such as the daily telegraph and the daily express issued on the same day include headlines such as â€Å"rule of the mob† â€Å"flaming morons† and â€Å"mob rule† to anger this image. We will write a custom essay sample on Representation Of Events or any similar topic only for you Order Now This giving this person in the image of being a ember of a gang and the word moron has the connotations situated with it. These newspapers represented the even by putting a lot of blame of young people in the area this image that was used represented a stereo typical youth in London there for representing them a rioter and a thug who was to blame for the riots. The daily mail newspaper also included a comment from the daily mail its self which read â€Å"to blame the cuts is immoral and cynical this criminality pure and simple† there for the daily mail was blaming the rioting in London on the criminals in the area especially the stereo typical touts in London depicted in the image the comment also took the blame away from the government and opinion leaders The next example I am going to referee of a fox news broadcast aired on the 1 lath of august , aimed at a American audience. The catalyst for the rioting was the shooting dead of the 29 year old black man mark Digging on the 4th of august he was about to be arrested for gun crime in the black community . The fox new broadcast represents the event in relation to his death the broadcast opens with the news anchor saying ‘the shooting death of one man, sets of hundreds leaves Roth London subverts in ruin† the broadcast then shows footage of Atonement in London were we can seer young black youths looping shops with the headline † police shooting sparks riots†. There for telling the audience that the police may be to blame for these riots. Footage also shows burning buildings and the police patrolling the streets with the news anchor mentioning that the rioters are attacking businesses and police. The news broadcast then shows a Mao of where the riots are taking place obviously to show the American viewers how close the riots are to the location for upcoming Lollops that took place in London 2012. This would negatively represent the city of London to the American audience may put a lot of people off from visiting the country when the lollops are taking place. We are told it was this mans death that started it all† anchored by an image of mark Duggan with a direct mode of address. Nt the image used in the sun newspaper article from 5th August 201 1 which represented Mark Duggan as a gangster. The image used in the sun newspaper showed mark Duggan making a gun sign with his hand and wearing billing the dress code associated tit gang mem bers and culture. This newspaper report represented mark Duggan in a negative way and in term of is background making out that he shot at police first. The image would make an audience think he was to blame for his death. Fox news chief correspondent report focuses on the amount of people being arrested and the number of police injured (25 police injured) uses an English news anchor and reporter ( knows history of London and had reported on the 1 ass’s riots) shows footage of a youth, dressed in a hood- negative connotations- gives the impression that all the rioters look like its- ere intimidating especially to an outside audience (especially the target American audience of this programmer) â€Å"cops say the riots started because of the shooting of that man (mark Duggan) who was elatedly a gang member † and â€Å"its is simple opportunistic looting’ anchored by footage of the rioters attacking police. Shows interview with police commissioner – opinion leader giving his thoughts on the rioting -vat’s I’ve seen is pure violence† – how ill this effect how people (especially the American target audience ) view this events Great concern for British government the rioting has moved into diddle class areas – so id the government only concerned now because the richer citizens are being affected? How to cite Representation Of Events, Papers

Relevance Of Forensic Accounting Detection - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Relevance Of Forensic Accounting Detection. Answer: Introduction A magnificent corporate disgraces as well as bankrupt in the past two to three decades are acting as a very powerful reminder of risks; those are apparently associated with the ownership of different business organization. Values and ethics are the centralized functions and operations of any business organization those are helpful for maximizing the well being of the stakeholders associated to the enterprises (Brooke A. Masters , 2018). This report depicts the role of the moral agents in a business organization to gain success throughout. The agents of all business organizations are responsible for proper decision making. However, both positive and negative consequences might occur due to these ethical dimensions (worldcom-fraud., 2018). MCI Inc. a well-known American telecommunication corporation, currently named as WorldCom is nominated for developing this report. Different ethical theories considering its application in relation with the duties of the moral agents are also elabora ted in this report. These ethical consequences of WorldCom (MCI Inc.) revealed that the accounting department of the company was negatively affected. According to the audit report, the company has discovered that $3.3 Billion of profit amount was inaccurately recorded on the books started from 1999 up to quarter of 2002 (Corporatefraud., 2018). The financial statement of the company revised and get to know that indirectly the CEO of WorldCom was responsible for this issues occurred. In order to minimize these errors moral and ethical theories are required to be applied by the top management of the business organization. Discussion of ethical theories Discussion of ethical theories in relation to the characters of the moral agents The company executives are referred to as the moral agents for any business organization those are responsible to make effective decision making for the business organization. In order to run the business successfully for maximizing the well of WorldCom (MCI Inc.) the application of ethical theories are very much important (Lins, Servaes Tamayo, 2017). Four different types of ethical theories are there those are needed to be applied in the business organization for gaining measurable success. The Company head itself was charged in the year of 2004, for committing security fraud. Besides these some additional charges are also filed against the chief executive of the company. It has been defined that due to groupthink the executive had shown unethical behavior to others (Olukowade Balogun, 2015). Thus the executive failed to develop accurate decision making for their organization. The four different types of ethical theories associated to this particular case are as follows: Consequentialism: According to consequentialism different ethical components such as state of the affair, actions are associated to this ethical theory. This theory helps to judge, the actions going in the business organization. Through this theory the right and wrong actions could be analyzed accurately. Two different examples of consequentialism are hedonism and utilitarianism. Hedonism helps to detect the consequences those helps to avoid the financial and other risks at the same time the utilitarianism helps to judge the consequences of the greatest good and greatest numbers respectively (Wisner Brown, 2015). However, in the real field application of this particular ethical theory is quite difficult. In order to achieve accurate alignment for growing interest between the managers and the owners, consequentialism is very helpful. Again, in some of the situations, consequentialism could lead the decisions those are objectionable even if arguably goods consequences are there. Virtue ethics: Virtue ethics is referred to as a quest that helps to understand and live the life of a moral person. After analyzing the financial risks faced by WorldCom telecommunication it is found that, the CEO must have possessed moral characteristics. This is a character based approach which helps to assume and acquire the virtue, of the person through different level of practices (Avci, Schipani Seyhun, 2017). A moral as well as honorable character could be archived by the CEO of WorldCom, through practicing different best practices like honesty, brave, just, generous etc. It is found that with the help if these particular applications, people would be able to make right choices for the business organization whenever the company would face different ethical challenges. Natural law: Natural law is referred to as a legal as well as a moral theory which are logically independent. This theory is basically dependent upon the nature of the human. The actions of the CEO and other working employees are whether good or bad are also be analyzed with the help of Natural law. In order to actualizing the potential, this particular position suggests the working employees have the ability. Kantian Deontologism: Deontological ethics are referred to as a morality based ethical theory that helps different business organizations to take effective decision. It helps to build proper relationship between the duty and the morality of the employees who have been working in the business organization (Daigle, Morris Quarles, 2015). This particular theory is very much formalistic due to the conformity of the business actions based on certain rules and laws. Duties of the moral agents Business leaders are those who are not at all allowed to afford ethical challenges those might have been occurred by technical advances (Bhasin, 2015). In order to reduce the issues the moral agents are required to follow certain professional duties those are as follows: To develop the internal control and Information system management approaches Company must adopt accurate system for enabling both the lawful and ethical responsibilities To create a bridge for connecting the management and board To conjugate the companys employees with their job roles Ethical dimension of their duties In order to make effective decision for different business organizations it is necessary for the leaders to consider the ethical dimensions. For establishing balance between the demand and the ethical imperatives the dimensions those should be considered are as follows: Commitment Perspectives Relationship Integrity Application of the ethical theories Explanation of the two Bernards characters The convergent elements are apparently used by the Business heads and other employees as well for bringing stakeholders engagement to their hob role. Organizational culture of is referred to as another important thing that helps to offer proper values and ethical aspects to the consumers. Bernard John also named as Bernie Ebbers was born in the year of 1941, 27th August who is a famous businessman of Canada (Daigle, Morris Quarles, 2015). This person is the co founder of World Telecommunication Company. In the year of 2005, for false financial reporting the company has faced major fraud by its own Chief Executive Officer (CEO). He was convicted for both fraud and conspiracy as well in that year. The action taken by the CEO was considered as the worlds most highlighted corporate fraud till date. It was the biggest corporate bankrupt in the history of USA. Bernie Ebbers is still facing civil litigations along with the company that backed up of $400 million of personal loans (Robinson, 2015). This took place whenever Bank of America suggested for more collateral stock of price fall. Based this parson many other people are also there who, were found guilty for this organizational fraud. According to Australian computer society and Australian Society of Criminology it has been found that, different ethical rules are there those are needed to be followed by the management head of any business organizations. In order to avoid the cyber fraud each of the members associated to the companies are needed to follow the moral values and ethics (Eliezer Emmanuel, 2015). It is expected that if they do follow theses aspects then, all the issues would be completely minimized accordingly. From the preamble and general principle of ACS certain, different ethical rules are identified those should be adopted by the management head or CEO of the business organizations to reach the project success effectively. Cyber crime is a disciple that allows the CEO to recognize discovery, creation and accumulation as well (Umar, Samsudinb, Mohamedb, 2015). Day to day professional activities is needed to be maintained by the management head for improving the existing culture and environment of the business organization. Ethical considerations would help the company to build rules and responsibilities of the company head and CEO as well. Professional rules and responsibilities are the main features those are applicable for almost each employees including the CEO and other employees as well. However, varied roles are server based upon the requirement and objectives of the companies (Deo Cathy, 2016). For specifying the organizational situation accurately, everyday professional activities are required to be considered by the management head (corporatefraud, 2018). Moreover, it can be said that, the CEO of the WorldCom telecommunication Company should maintain both the ethical dimension and moral characteristics as well. From different analysis it has been defined that for organizational decision making ethics is an important thing to be considered. In most of the days individuals are found to make decisions for their business organization (Khdir, 2016). Different ethical mo dels and frameworks should be followed before developing proper decision for the business organizations. Different theories are identified in this report including the Consequentialism, virtue, natural law and Deontologism among which only the Deontologism theory should be used by the WorldCom Telecommunication Company. It is expected that, application of this particular theory would be helpful. Duties of the moral agents Seven different components are there those should be maintained by the management head before implementing any organizational decision. The duty of the moral agents differs based upon the business background of the business organization. The WorldCom telecommunication company has faced major fraud in terms of cyber attack and in order to resoles these kinds of issues certain code of ethical conducts should be considered include- responsibility, enthusiasm, equity, compassion, teamwork, self estimation and professional integrity. The following are the duties of the moral agents to be maintained: Responsibilities: In order to gain effective resultant from the business outcomes the CEO rather moral agent is needed to serve their allotted responsibilities. Enthusiasm: In the daily activities all the associates should exhibit drive and passion in the daily activities to achieve the business goal (Woolley, 2016). Thus, enthusiasm is a major character that each CEO of the businesses must follow. Professional integrity: Professional integrity and trustworthiness are the two different components that each of the organizational CEO and other business team members should follow accordingly. Self Estimation: Personality analysis is referred to as one of the most important things that each CEO should measure before final decision making. It is expected that with the help of self SWOT analysis, he would come to identify his strength and weaknesses too (Khdir, (2016). Considering the strength of the person he would get different opportunities in the coming future whereas; the weaknesses would lead towards threats. Therefore with the help of self estimation the CEO should discuss with others for accurate decision making. Compassion: Empathy and practicing care are the two other features those are helpful for providing genuine support to the consumers. It will also allow the organizational head to become more co coordinating in nature. Ethical dimension and consequences of the actions taken by the agents After analyzing the cyber fraud took place in WorldCom, it is found that different ethical dimensions and the consequences of the actions those have been taken by the moral agent rather CEO are there those are negatively affecting the business organization (Deo Cathy, 2016). Even, the financial background of the company would also be affected due to lack of moral and ethical considerations. The duty of the business leaders and the decision makers is to create accurate balance between the demand of the consumers and the other ethical necessity (Avci, Schipani Seyhun, 2017). As Bernie Ebbers found guilty for the cyber fraud in WorldCom the different consequences occurred are as follows: The CEO hides different details of operating expenses and also made unannounced changes in the business operation These lead towards self decision making rather than organizational decision making In order to resolve the issues of unethical approaches different ethical theories are applied in WorldCom Telecommunication Company. The former CEO of WorldCom telecommunication company should never be convicted of security frauds as the leading evidence against the CEO were masterminded around $11 Billion fraud. On the other hand Ebbers was charged with security frauds which was proven by the law and evidence and due to this reason file have been charged against him. Conclusion From the overall discussion it can be concluded that in order to resolve the financial risks that WorldCom (MCI Inc.) is constantly facing, moral values and ethical approaches are needed to be applied. It is expected that with the help of the moral and ethical values, Bernard Ebbers (Chief Executive Officer) could identify the ethical consequences. Different ethical theories are there and based upon the operation and functional details of the business organization proper ethical theory is required to be applied by the management head. Contrasting other customers involved with the enterprise, the owners are remaining claimant for the earnings. Besides the formal control many other controlling factors in terms of ethical theories and their applications are determined to be helpful for the operational success of any business organization. The managerial attitude of the CEO of the company comes only from the ethical and moral values. The set of moral obligations those are helpful for the success of the company, are identified in this report and elaborated accordingly. References Avci, S. B., Schipani, C. A., Seyhun, H. N. (2017). Do Independent Directors Curb Financial Fraud? The Evidence and Proposals for Further Reform. Bhasin, M. L. (2015). Corporate accounting fraud: A case study of Satyam Computers Limited. Brooke A. Masters., (2018).businesstechnology. [online] Available at: https://old.seattletimes.com/html/businesstechnology/2002196322_ebbers04.html [Accessed 2 Jan. 2018]. Corporatefraud., (2018).theguardian.com. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2002/aug/09/corporatefraud.worldcom2 [Accessed 2 Jan. 2018]. Daigle, R. J., Morris, J. T., Quarles, R. (2015). Using Non-Academic Multimedia Resources to Enhance Student Learning of Fact-Based Fraud Cases.Journal of Forensic Investigative Accounting,7(1). Deo, P. L., Cathy, Z. S. (2016). All cash is not created equal: Detecting fraudulent cash flow.Journal of Forensic and Investigative Accounting,8(2). Eliezer, O., Emmanuel, B. (2015). The relevance of Forensic Accounting in the Detection and Prevention of Fraud in Nigeria.Historical Research Letter,23. Faello, J. P. (2015). The Use of a Non-Fiction Fraud-Related Book as a Method for Teaching Accounting Ethics. Godo, B. (2016). Forensic accounting and financial fraud management in the telecommunication industry in nigeria.International Journal of Management Science Research,1(1), 125. Khdir, S. H. (2016). Contemporary Financial Crimes of Employee Embezzlement and Insider Trading.International Journal of Social Sciences Educational Studies, 140. Lins, K. V., Servaes, H., Tamayo, A. (2017). Social capital, trust, and firm performance: The value of corporate social responsibility during the financial crisis.The Journal of Finance. Olukowade, E., Balogun, E. (2015). Relevance of Forensic Accounting in the Detection and Prevention of Fraud in Nigeria.International Journal of Accounting Research,2(7), 67-77. Robinson, W. (2015). Poison Pills: Recent Negative Economic Effects Justify Repealing the Related Legislation and Increasing Shareholder Ownership Rights.J. Bus. Entrepreneurship L.,9, 1. Umar, I., Samsudinb, R. S., Mohamedb, M. (2015). The types, costs, prevention and detection of occupational fraud: The ACFE perspective. Wisner, D. L., Brown, B. A. (2015). Corporate Toxicity: The WorldCom/MCI Scandal. Woolley, D. J. (2016). An experimental testing of factors associated with financial statement fraud.Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal,20(3), 167. worldcom-fraud., (2018).business-corporate_scandals. [online] nbcnews.com. Available at: https://www.nbcnews.com/id/8907976/ns/business-corporate_scandals/t/sullivan-gets-five-years-worldcom-fraud/#.WktxxVWWbIU [Accessed 2 Jan. 2018]

Epigenetic Mechanisms

Introduction Various scientific epidemiological studies have revealed that most adults are highly prone to diseases, and this exposure is basically associated with adverse environmental conditions including famine (Heijmans et al 17046). This precisely targets those individuals who are prenatally exposed to famine or hunger, which is considered to be one of the environmental co-factors which play a significant role in heredity (Heijmans et al 17046).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Epigenetic Mechanisms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The early developmental stages of an individual especially for the mammalian species, is the most vital and crucial period in which most establishment of the epigenetic mark occurs especially when exposed to harsh environmental conditions. This epigenetic mark can be transferred from parent to the offspring or in other words can be inherited. Mechanisms of epigenetic gene regulatio n Epigenetic inheritance can be defined as a scientific study of inheritable changes in gene expressions, which may occur due to changes occurring on the underlying DNA sequence and which may also occur due to other external mechanisms altering the gene expression (Ghose). Epigenetic inheritance again disqualifies the idea that inheritance only occur via the DNA contrary to genetic inheritance where it’s believed to be so (Ghose). This is because; it has been observed in many occasions that according to genetic inheritance, the parent passes genes to the offspring’s. But when it comes to epigenetic inheritance it is revealed that even the parents acquired life experience can be transferred to the offspring’s in form of epigenetic tags, which can further be passed on down to future generations (Ghose). The other difference between genetic inheritance and epigenetic inheritance is that, despite the fact that the DNA molecule is known to be very stable; it is rarel y subjected to modification contrary to the epigenetic tags which are weak and prone to many changes occurring over a given period of time once it’s subjected to any environmental influence (Ghose). This is the reason as to why twins have slight lifestyle variations though they are monozygotic (arise from one zygote) with identical epigenomes (Ghose). Even though the twins have identical epigenomes, several studies have revealed that these epigenetic tags eventually are considered to undergo changes over a period of time. The major forms of mechanisms that lead to epigenetic modification include DNA methylation and Histone deacetylation or modification (Heijmans et al 17048). Nevertheless, most phenotypic expression carried by offspring’s from the parent can be altered by any heritable gene transcription, which in most cases result to these epigenetic effects (Heijmans et al 17048). Moreover, Histone proteins which are referred to be tiny spherical granules on which th e DNA double helix strand wraps around, will automatically results to visual changes (at the phenotypic stages) in gene expression (Heijmans et al 17048).This is due to the slight changes of the DNA wrapping around the Histone.Advertising Looking for essay on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Based on this process â€Å"post translational modification of the long chains amino acids† (which are the building units for the Histone) will result in alteration of the shapes of the Histone sphere (Heijmans et al 17048). Furthermore, the DNA strand which may or may not be completely unwound during the normal stages of DNA replication will possibly result to the transfer of the modified Histone to each new copies of DNA produced during the cellular growth stages (Heijmans et al 17048). Furthermore, these new Histone once formed will act as templates initiating and reinforcing any new modifications to be copied to all diff erentiating cells which will remain in this new shape without reverting back (Heijmans et al 17048). Discussion One recent study which sought to investigate the environmental influence which can result in persistent changes of the epigenetic mark was done through a case study which based on individuals who were prenatally exposed to famine. During this period of famine, medical personnel present at that time had kept reliable records of all individuals who were prenatally exposed to hunger, so that they would make a follow up later during the study; in what would later become a cohort study Gestation exposure (Timing) A case study was conducted on sixty two individuals who had previously been exposed to famine during their gestation period, just to investigate and evaluate the influence of timing on DNA methylation; these people constituted the case group of the sample (Heijmans et al 17049). Furthermore, when determining whether IGF2 DMR methylation depended on timing, more studies were conducted on the periconceptional and late exposed groups who were analyzed together in a single model; the results confirmed that periconceptional exposure was basically associated with lower methylation, whereas the late exposure was not (Heijmans et al 17049). This was statistically and significant evidence which revealed presence of interaction between timing and environmental exposure (Heijmans et al 17049). Birth weight Moreover, the mean weight of sixty two individuals who were previously exposed to famine in their late gestation period was measured; it was again proved that the total mean which was calculated was 3126g; 296g lower than the mean of reference births recorded in 1943 in the very same institution which was 3422g (Heijmans et al 17047). This lower birth weights occurred as a result of famine during the previous hunger winter period, not withstanding the fundamental relationship between IGF2 DMR methylation (Heijmans et al 17047). Age association This experi ment was based on determining presence of any correlation between age and IGF2 DMR methylation; comparatively, the 122 control individual analysis revealed that age 10 was identified to be associated with 3.6% low methylation modifications across all the age group sampled. (Heijmans et al 17047).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Epigenetic Mechanisms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Periconceptional exposure of an individual especially to famine was deduced to be associated with variation in IGF2 DMR methylation, which eventually was observed in adulthood among the subjects; to confirm this laboratory analysis was done which validated the findings. The results confirmed that â€Å"all CpG sites except one was significantly less methylated among all quantified periconceptionally exposed individuals as compared to their offspring’s which was at 0.488† (Heijmans et al 17047); consequently, for those si blings not exposed it was observed to be at 0.515. Finally, basing on the results it was deduced that periconceptional exposure was associated with 5.2% lower methylation occurrence which was ultimately independent of sex (Heijmans et al 17047). Hypothesis testing and supportive evidence Basing on the argument, the data provided completely support the hypothesis; that environment strongly contributes to epigenetic inheritance, more supportive evidence is availed when a study on twins was conducted (Ghose). Twins who share identical genes, with similar methylation patterns which have been inherited from their parents, still ended up being so different (Ghose). Furthermore, in most cases; twins who emerged from same zygote (monozygotic twins) exhibited such scenarios where one could suffer from a disease like diabetes or cancer while the other remains perfectly healthy (Ghose). This is attributed to be the impacts of environmental influences, which eventually results in adaptation of different epigenetic variability; this epigenetic variation in terms of methylation pattern arises due to insignificant, â€Å"random changes in DNA methylation† which collectively accumulates after each cell division causing a major change (Ghose). The most current studies have revealed that these cases of associations between DNA methylation and that of periconceptional exposure during the early developmental stages are also common in modern societies probably because of the present lifestyles coupled with environmental factors. This evidently includes reported cases of over nutrition and assisted reproductive methods and technologies; all being measures which give rise to similar associations Conclusion Though various research studies have been done on the subject matter, there is no conclusive evidence to suggest whether this epigenetic inheritance is real or not; nevertheless most evidence indicate this epigenetic inheritance is possible.Advertising Looking for essay on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is because of the fact that these findings have further explained many strange patterns of inheritance, in which many geneticists have been puzzling on over decades to uncover. The twin evidence discussed in this paper is one such vital proof that shows how epigenetic and DNA methylation can occur catalyzed by environmental influence (Learn.genetics.com). Finally, one most important notation concerning epigenetic inheritance is that the most crucial stage in which the establishment of epigenetic marks can occur is during the early embryonic development stages of the organism. This was practically proved through an experiment carried out on mice, whereby when culturing the preimplantated mice embryo, it was revealed that the epigenetic marks were susceptible to environmental factors especially nutrition during their early days of development. Works Cited Ghose, T. An epigenetic inheritance, 2009. Web. Heijmans, T., Tobi, W., Stein, D., Putter, H., Blauw, G., Susser, S., Slagboom , E. Lumey, H. â€Å"Persistent epigenetic differences associated with prenatal exposure To famine in humans.† Newyork state psychiatric institute, 105 (2008): 44. Print. Learn.genetics.com. Epigenetics and Inheritance, 2011. Web.  Retrieved from https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/inheritance/ This essay on Epigenetic Mechanisms was written and submitted by user Maksim Downs to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

JOE MAMA essays

JOE MAMA essays Imagine looking out the window in the morning and only being able to see a few blocks. It is not snow that you see neither is it heavy rain. It appears to be fog, but not regular fog, it is a harmful, acidic and ugly fog that is a result of very bad air pollution. This is true on some days in Mexico City. Mexico City is one of the most polluted cities in the world and the mountains that surround the city hold the thick and ugly fog in. Acid rain has been known to fall in this city and many others around the world. Acid rain is one the biggest problems our environment deals with today. What is acid rain? Where does it come from and how does it form? What are the effects of it on our environment and us? In this report I will teach you all you need to know about acid rain and what we can do about it. What is Acid Rain? Acid rain is defined as rain that has more acid in it than the normal amount. Acidity is measured on the pH scale that runs from 0 to 14. Anything from zero to seven is considered acidic, seven is neutral and anything from 7 to 14 is basic. Something that has a pH of 6 is ten times more acidic that something with a pH of 7. There is a lot of controversy over what the pH of rain must be to be considered acidic. Anything equal to or lower than 5.6 on the pH scale has been said to be acidic but that number is subject to change depending on who you talk to or where you live. Acid rain in found in places around the world. The sad thing is that the cities that create all the pollution don't suffer from it, it's the areas around the source of the pollution. Some of the main countries affected severely by acid rain include Brazil, Canada, China, France, Japan, Mexico, US, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland. Switzerland is one of those ...

The Slow Food Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Slow Food Movement - Essay Example This movement immediately gained widespread popularity and the manifesto was officially signed in Paris in the year 1989 by the delegates from the fifteen participating countries. The primary purpose of this movement is to counter the growing culture of fast food and that is why the movement has been given the name of ‘Slow Food’. The philosophy behind it is that everyone should have access to organically grown food that is not only good for the consumer but also leaves a greener carbon footprint on the entire planet. The members of the movement are determined to their cause of promoting regional cuisines and slow the accelerating growth of fast food culture. They organize events to promote the slow food culture, and seminars to tell about the health risks which the fast food poses to its consumers. Among many of their events is the ‘Ark of taste’. This event is organized at different regions of the world where the local at-risk food is promoted (Petrini, 20 07). The person should think about the taste and the content of the food that he is eating rather than being interested in only gobbling up what is present on his plate. The Slow Food movement aims to convey their agenda to the youth of different countries because they are the primary consumers of the fast food. The Slow Food Movement intends to create awareness regarding the importance of slow food.

Technical feasibility of using forest biomass for energy Term Paper - 1

Technical feasibility of using forest biomass for energy - Term Paper Example Woody feedstock can be utilized to generate power and useful heat energy. Wood pellets are considered as a renewable energy source as it has low moisture content and give a great amount of thermal energy by a controlled combustion. According to the article â€Å"Wood to Energy: Use of the Forest Biomass for Wood Pellets† (2009), the writer states â€Å"Harvesting debris  or logging residues such as tops, limbs, and roots, and forest understory are promising feedstock alternatives for wood pellets†. Forest’s raw wood and wood from the sustainably managed forests can be utilized to produce wood pellets, which can be burnt on a small or large scale to produce energy (TheBioenergySite.com 2009). In the article â€Å"Sustainable Forest Biomass: Promoting Renewable Energy and Forest Stewardship†, Caputo (2009) writes â€Å"In fact, improved markets for woody biomass have potential to reduce costs associated with hazardous fuels reduction, wildlife habitat man agement, ecosystem restoration, and other proactive stewardship activities† (Caputo 2009). Today the feedstock used for the production of pellets comes from pulpwood chips. Logging residues can be a feedstock for the wood pellets (TheBioenergySite.com 2009). Because the smaller size of a pellet, it can be burnt easily and the residue could be utilized as a fertilizer. The residue which is a charcoal is mixed with soil to increase the water holding capacity of the soil. The produced large amount of energy can be utilized generate large amount power. The main factor that is associated with the wood pallets is that the controlled combustion of the wood pellets costs less as compared to any other conversion. Wood pallets can be gasified to produce synthetic gas which can be a simple process. The wood pallets are heated at a certain temperature. The heating of the wood pallets gives wood gas that is highly combustible gas and is capable of replacing natural gas. The wood gas can be utilized to produce steam in the

What was the role of the noblemen in Owain Glyndwr's revolt Essay

What was the role of the noblemen in Owain Glyndwr's revolt - Essay Example In1277, Edward I invaded Wales and after a fierce battle defeated them. He immediately set out to safeguard his dominance by constructing a ring of strong impregnable castles all around his dominion. This area became the power seat of the English and was designed in such a way so as to subjugate and intimidate the Welsh people. After a century had passed England was ruled by Richard the II. The domination exercised by the English with their restrictive land and tax policies became too much of a burden for the people of Wales and they chafed under the English yoke. According to the myths and legends of the Welsh, it was proclaimed that a national leader and redeemer would emerge from among them and so they faithfully prayed for his coming. This man would be the chosen one to stand up and fight against the English domination and restore the long awaited independence of the Welsh once again. Fortunately for them, there emerged a leader in Owain Glyndwr from amongst the shambles and struggles of the country. At the beginning of the 15th century, the Welsh put their faith in the charismatic leadership of Glyndwr even though England was endowed with a strong and massive army. The Welsh were successful in defeating England and drove them out of their land. The Welsh enjoyed their independence which lasted for a very short while. Since the 19th century, there was a resurgence of nationalism in Wales and hence the exploits of Owain Glyndwr was praise worthy. Glyndwr on the other hand did not seem the right candidate to don the cloak of a freedom fighter. Glyndwr, enjoyed all the trappings of a wealthy and privileged life as one of the great and powerful lords in Wales. This was due to his parentage that dates back to the year 1354 when he was born into and upper – class family having descended on his father’s side from the princes of Powys and on his mother’s side he inherited the lands of Rhys ap

Introduction To Supply and Demand in Economics

Introduction To Supply and Demand in Economics Introduction to Demand Supply According to one of the microeconomic textbook from Oxford demand supply is the basis of economic of pricing that the prices are determined using the demand and supply concept. In other words, the demand and supply system is to show the dependence of demand and supply on price. Demand This session is the description of what is demand in economics. Joseph and Kamil (1996) stated that demand is the rate at which consumers want to buy a product. There is difference between demand and want, according to Oxford microeconomics textbook (2008, p.28) want is meant to have a desire or a wish for something while demand is the desire or need of customers for goods and services which they want to buy or use. When the product price that is high in the market, the demand will be low. When the product price is low in the market then the demand will be high as many consumers will be able to purchase the product if the product price is low. Law of Demand Law of demand is to explain that when higher the price of a good, the lower is the quantity demanded for that good. When the price is lower down, the quantity demanded is higher. Besides that, law of demand also explains there will be a negative or an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. Oxford microeconomics textbook (2008, p.28) stated that every individual and society practices the law of demand. Peoples will always buy more goods when the goods of the price is reduced. For example people will definitely buy more goods in a mega sales confirm to the normal season of the sale. This statement can clearly relates to on October 2, 2014 government increased the petrol and diesel price by 20 cent per liter as in line with the federal governments subsidy rationalization policy. The new retail price of RON95 will be RM2.30 and diesel will be RM2.20 per liter. When government increase the petrol and diesel price by 20 cent, definitely there are a lot of Malaysian consumers struggle with the price of it. Determinants of Demand Determinants of demand can be defined as when there is changes in price, quantity demanded will change. It is a movement along the same demand curve and when the factors other than price changes, demand curve will shift. Below are the information of the determinants of demand. Income: Income is define as the rise of the individuals income will lead to an increase of demand it is because income of a consumer can influence the purchasing decision of an individual. Rise of income will lead individual demand for more goods and services such as houses, cars and others. But when there is income unfavorable, definitely it will lead individuals to decrease their demand. Tastes and fashions: Changes in tastes and fashions of consumers can change significantly the demand for goods and services. Population or number of buyers: Demand of goods and services are all depends on the size of the population of buyers in the market. If there is a large population with a high rate of growth creates greater demand for the goods and services. Expectation: The event that consumer expect in the future will also give a impact on the demand it is because the higher the expected future price of a good, the current demand for that good will be higher and vice versa. Advertisement: Goods that have advertisement are normally goods with high demand. It needed the advertisement to create the awareness and attract the consumer to buy the goods and services when they are aware of the existence of the goods. Price of related goods: This to explain that demand for a good is affected by the changes in price of related goods. There are two categories which are substitute goods and complementary goods. Substitute goods: Substitute goods is define as the goods can be replace by another goods. For example, coffee and tea, chicken and pork and many others goods that can find a similar replacement. Complementary goods: Complementary goods are those goods that are used in conjunction with another good Supply Matt Johnson (2014) define supply as the total quantity of a product or service that the marketplace can offer. The quantity supplied is the amount of a product or service that the suppliers will be supply willingly with a given price. According to Oxford microeconomics textbook (2008, p.40) supply is defined as the ability and willingness to sell a specific quantities of the goods in a given period of time at particular price, everything else held constant. Law of Supply Under Oxford microeconomics textbook (2008, p.41) stated Other things being equal, law of supply states that higher the price of a good, higher is the quantity supplied for that good and lower the price, lower the quantity supplied. It is stated that the law of supply is a positive or a direct relationship between the price and the quantity that is supplied. Goods that sold by the seller will want to gain more profit, thats why goods are normally sell more at a higher price. Determinants of Supply Determinants of supply can be define as when there is factors and price of the good is constant, there will be change in supply. Below are the factors and how it can shift the supply curve. Cost of production: The change of supply will response to the factor of production such as labour, capital or land. The resource for production increased therefore cost of production will increase as well, thus it reduce the supply of the good. Price of related goods: Supply will be influenced by the prices of related goods such as substitute goods and complementary goods. When there is price increase of the substitute goods in product, the supply of the goods will decrease and vice versa. Expectation of seller: When the seller are expecting a higher price of the good in future, the supply will be smaller as for the goods and vice versa. Technological advancement: The technologies improvement have been the most important influence on the supply due to the innovations in technologies enable the producers to use fewer factors of product that will lower down the cost of product and therefore the supply will increase. Number of sellers: If the firms of supplying goods is growing large, then the larger the supply of the goods and vice versa. Government policies: Supply of the good will be affected if there is any implementation rules by various government policies such as taxes and subsidies. When the government imposed sales tax definitely it will caused higher cost of product and thus the supply will decrease. Government increased the price of petrol and diesel increased This is the case study that shows on 2nd October 2014, government have increased the price of petrol and diesel to 20 cents per liter as in line with the federal governments subsidy rationalization policy. The new retail price of RON95 will be RM2.30 and diesel for RM2.20 per liter. The assignment will now explains how does the changes will affect the demand and supply on Malaysian consumers. The demand of petrol As law of demand already explained determinants of demand can be define as when there is changes in price, quantity demanded will change. When government increase the price of petrol and diesel, definitely the demand towards petrol will decrease as it determinates the income of consumers is affected. Petrol price plays a big role towards the market, when price of petrol increase which means the market or society will be facing the increasing of inflation. Inflation occurs when petrol price increase it is because production line will need to increase their prices as well to cover up the petrol cost by delivering the products. According to a statement from DAP Malaysia, The government must realize that allowing the increase of fuel prices will create two- prong negative impacts. Firstly, it will cost more for car users and this will definitely affect a large section of the consumers, as a big population of Malaysian society owns a car. Furthermore, the price hike in fuel will have cascading effects and lead to increase of prices of other goods and services and thus contributing to inflation in our economy.Secondly, the higher cost of fuel will increase the overall operating cost of doing business in Malaysia. The supply of petrol Supply of petrol will not be a problem in Malaysia although the government increased the price of petrol. People will still need to have petrol for their cars. Therefore the supply of petrol will remain stable as there is a statement from the PKR secretary general Because the people are still paying prices higher than the market prices for unsubsidized fuel. The demand and supply curve for petrol The graph above is the demand and supply curve of the petrol as the demand of petrol will decrease as government do not make any changes for the petrol price. Kindly refer below for the symbol terms. S = Supply D = Demand P 0 1 = Price equilibrium Q 0 1 = Quantities demanded The demand of diesel Government also increase the diesel price for 20 cent per liter, the total amount of diesel is now RM2.20. The demand of diesel is same with the demand of petrol, price increase and demand will decrease eventually. The only thing that affected by the price of diesel is the production from the manufacturers as they will need to increase the price of production to cover up the production cost. The supply of diesel The supply of diesel will be maintain the same as the supply of petrol, government will not face problem in Malaysia although the government increased the price of diesel. Manufacturers will still needed diesel for production cost, therefore the total damage will only bare by consumers. The demand and supply curve for diesel The graph above is the demand and supply curve of the petrol as the demand of diesel will decrease as government do not make any changes for the diesel price. Kindly refer below for the symbol terms. S = Supply D = Demand P 0 1 = Price equilibrium Q 0 1 = Quantities demanded Conclusion for price of increasing petrol and diesel After the knowing of the effect of increasing petrol and diesel, Malaysia government should consider decreasing the price to a reasonable price where consumers are able to afford the price. Price of petrol and diesel increase will cause the inflation rate increase in Malaysia. Malaysia is needed to be remained competitive in the eyes of foreign investors. Introduction to Elasticity Elasticity in economics is important because it is a important concept to be mastered in order to apply the concept to the households, businesses and researchers as it is vital and very applicable in the daily life. Elasticity is the measurement of the magnitude of responsiveness of any variable such as quantity demanded or quantity supplied to the change to the determinants factor such as price and income. According to Oxford microeconomics textbook (2008, p.87) the value of elasticity can be measure by the graph below: Types of elasticity Below are the table of the types of elasticity: Price Elasticity of Demand The price of elasticity of demand is to measure on how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in price of the good. According to Economics Online, price elasticity of demand shows the relationship between price and quantity demanded and provides a precise calculation of the effect of a change in price on the quantity demanded. To calculate the price elasticity of demand between two points on a demand curve, we will need a formula to calculate. Refer the graph below for the formula of calculating price elasticity of demand. There are also 5 types of the demand curve exist in price elasticity of demand that shown in Oxford microeconomics textbook (2008, p.89). Perfectly Inelastic Demand: Elasticity = 0 which defines as regardless of the price, the quantity of demand will remain the same. Inelastic Demand = Unit Elastic Demand = 1 which defines as the quantity demanded moves the same amount as the price moves. Elastic Demand > 1 which defines the quantity demanded moves proportionately more than the price. Perfectly Elastic = Infinity which defines when there is a small change in the price will lead to the huge change of the quantity demanded/ Price Elasticity of Supply The price elasticity of supply is the measurement on how much the quantity that supplied for the good responds to a change in the price of the good that computed as the percentage change in quantity that is supplied divided by the percentage of changes in price. To calculate the price elasticity of supply between two points on a supply curve, we will need a formula to calculate. Refer the graph below for the formula of calculating price elasticity of supply. Price elasticity of supply = There are also 5 types of the supply curve exist in price elasticity of supply that shown in Oxford microeconomics textbook (2008, p.95). Elastic > 1 defines as the quantity supplied moves proportionately more than the price. Inelastic Unit Elastic = 1 defines as the quantity supplied moves at the same amount as the price moves. Perfectly inelastic = 0 define as the regardless of the price, the quantity of the supply will remain the same Perfectly elastic = infinity define as when there is a small change in the price will lead to the huge changes in the quantity supplied. Cross Elasticity of Supply Cross elasticity of supply is the measurement on how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in the price of another good where it will computed as the percentage change in quantity demanded of goods A divided by the percentage change in the price of goods B. Below is the formula of cross price elasticity Cross price elasticity of demand = According to the statement of economics export (Mike Mofatt, 2015) The cross-price elasticity of demand is used to see how sensitive the demand for a good is to a price change of another good. The high positive of the cross price elasticity will let us know that if the price of the good goes up and the demand for the other good goes up as well. A negative tells us just the opposite, that an increase in the price of one good causes a drop in the demand for the other good. A small value (either negative or positive) tells us that there is little relation between the two goods. Below are the interpretation of the degree of elasticity: Goods 1 2 Definition: Both goods are require to be paired up and related Example: Pizza Coke, A good pizza store that serves great pizza will generates demand for the drinks as well. Goods 1 2 > 0 = Goods 1 2 are substitute goods Definition: They are substitutes goods when there is price increase on the good and cause the demand increase for the good of others. Example: Replacing an iPhone 6 with a Samsung Note 4 will be better than replacing the iPhone 6 with a Samsung tablet. Goods 1 2 = 0 = Goods are not related goods Definition: The price of the good will not affect the demand for another good. Example: Ferrari, even if the price increase it will not related to the demand for another good. It has its own target market. Income Elasticity of Demand Income elasticity of demand is define as the measurement of how much the quantity demanded of the good responds to the changes of consumer income and computed as the percentage of change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in income. Below is the calculation of income elasticity Income elasticity of demand = According to the statement of economics export (Mike Mofatt, 2015) Income elasticity of demand is used to see how sensitive the demand for a good is to an income change. When there is high income elasticity, it will be sensitive to the demand for a good is to income changes. A very high income elasticity shows that the consumers income goes up and consumers will buy a great deal more of that good. A very low price elasticity implies just the opposite, that changes in a consumers income has little influence on demand. Below are the interpretation of the coefficient of income elasticity: Coefficient of Income Elasticity Degree of Elasticity Types of Good Ey = 0 Perfectly Inelastic Necessity goods Ey > 0 Elastic Luxury goods 0 Inelastic Normal goods Ey Negative elastic Inferior goods Table 1: Oxford microeconomics (2008, p.94) Conclusion for elasticity With all the research that has been done, elasticity do play a important role in economics with the measurement of responsiveness towards one determinant to the change in one of the determinants factor. Conclusion and recommendation With the research of doing this assignment I get to learn about the characteristics of useful economics information such as demand supply, law of demand supply, determinants of demand supply. Each of the characteristic of the economics information also will determine the usefulness. Through this assignment, I have know about the information of elasticity. There are four types of elasticity such as price elasticity of demand, price elasticity of supply, cross price elasticity income elasticity. I also learnt to how to draw different types of demand curve.

Strengthening the Learning Process through Music Essay -- education, co

Introduction: Music is said to influence the process of thinking and learning by motivating the student to think better, analyze faster and work more efficiently. Studies have shown that just listening to music is beneficial. However, it is the participating fully in music, the singing and playing of music that strengthens the learning process. Exposure through lessons and other activities may help students to explore and boost their confidence and help them achieve more success in their endeavors. The fact is, music is an important avenue to individual success. Music should be available to all students in all schools, because it holds such an influential place in academic structure (Children’s Music Workshop Music’s 1). Wilber-Clatonia High School should mandate that all students take at least one semester of vocal and one semester of instrumental music in high school. Music is a universal language, which speaks to a whole variety of people cutting though racial, cultural, social, educational, and economic barriers. It has become an expression for many cultures. The oldest artifacts show people playing musical instruments over four thousand years ago. Men and women through time have been moved by the powerful words and beats that musicians have created to provoke emotions. However, no matter how much music may have differed, it seems that music served a common purpose: to bring people together. By bringing people together fills a student’s â€Å"bag† with self-motivation, assessment and practical application. It allows a person to take a look at the world and appreciate what people do and to have a deep-understanding of the world. This is very important in the world of music because it is culturally diverse. Students experience thi... ...s. â€Å"Creativity.† University of Missouri-Kansas City. 1998. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. Intelligent Life on the Web. â€Å"How Does Music Affect The Brain.† Buzzle.com. 2011. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. IsyB Family. â€Å"Music and Sound Therapy as a Treatment for Autism.† Isybee Autism. 27 April 2011. Web. 26 Nov. 2011. Lanaki9. â€Å"Amazing Grace – Whitley Phipps.† Youtube. 6 Feb. 2007. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. Lennon, John. The White Album. EMI and Trident Studios, 1968. CD. Reid, Harvey. â€Å"On Mathematics and Music.† Woodpecker Records. Web. 26 Nov. 2011. ThinkQuest. â€Å"Math and Music.† Oracle Education Foundation. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. Wilber-Clatonia Public Schools. â€Å"Graduation Requirements.†  ¬Ã‚ ¬Wilber-Clatonia School Board. Wilber: Wilber-Clatonia Public Schools, 2011. Yoh, William H. â€Å"The Cornerstone to a Well Rounded Individual.† Santa Teresa Music and Arts Association. 2008. Web. 23 Nov. 2011.